all about fowl cholera

[ulokandiaMaster]

what is the best prevention medications to give on this kind of disease? and if it has already attacked your flock how can we contain this problem...any info is greatly appreciated cause this is my dilema right now this disease is fastly killing my flock...

[alex-g]

the first choice should be sulfa medicines like noxal, baxidil, sulmet and many more. But if you have been using these regularly, chances are you will not get a fair response in this medication anymore. Next is tetracyline group of antibiotics.

The first two mentioned are bacteriostatic in action that will stop the proliferation of the bacteria and will eventually eliminate them. If you want something stronger or with bacteriicidal action to kill the bacteria, use the quinolone group like enrofloxacin or Baytril. But this is expensive.

The best and cheapest way is still to vaccinate them against fowl cholera.

[gamecock96]

Use Belmet. It is comparatively cheaper and very strong. It is a triple sulfa type of antibiotic. While medicating with this, give your flock Vit B complex too, because this is a strong medication.

Al

[ulokandiaMaster]

alex-g:
used baxidil but not that regularly when this disease did not appear yet just a prevention and we tried to use noxal just yesterday pump in the birds mouth that was already infected and the bird is still somewhat alive but there other batch mates that was still good as of yesterday this are the ones that been hit and killed...

[gamecock96]

Question nga pala. How did u know it is fowl cholera? what are the symptoms that you encountered?

Al

[alex-g]

newcastle disease could be mistaken as a fowl cholera too, and this could not be treated because this is viral.

Be careful with drenching noxal to their mouth, Make sure the solution is just same as instructed for their drinking water. Sulfas are poisonous and can shut the kidneys off and will kill them. If you don't use tetracycline regularly, and it is indeed fowl cholera that hit you, just inject them all with terramycin LA under the skin even the one that are not showing symptom yet, and use some soluble in their drinking water until until the outbreak is gone.

That is the problem with using prevention, it can result to bacterial resistance. Even when using prevention, you need to switch medication at least every two weeks.

If they don't response within two to three days, discontinue the sulfa and switch to tetracycline. Some of them will die, but you might save some.

[ulokandiaMaster]

I have a gut feeling that they have been hit by this disease,basing on the searches that i have made they resemble the symptoms of this disease.

Here are there actual symptoms that we've noticed and experienced...

the day before they are healthy and suddenly being found dead or profoundly ill. Before death, the birds exhibit convulsions, ruffled feathers, uncoordinated fluttering, stiffness , rapid breathing, mainit ang mukha and are more on white-green yellowish wet droppings.

i have already sent 1 bird for blood sampling as advised by our vet friend and by next week i may know the real cause.



alex-g, thanks for the inputs

Originally Posted by gamecock96

Question nga pala. How did u know it is fowl cholera? what are the symptoms that you encountered?

Al

[alex-g]

I think your best bet right now is to inject terramycin LA, it is broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic and can pretty much stop the proliferation of the bacterial infection whatever it is while you are waiting for the lab test. If you have your means, move your breeding stocks to a different place after injecting to at least save them . Just inject them even if they don;t have a symptom yet and if possible inject again after three days.

If it is viral of origin, ther is nothing you can do but to let the epidemic run its course.

[ulokandiaMaster]

Yes, no other recourse but to inject terramycin LA, but what intrigues me the ones that have been hit are the cockerels some newly banded but mostly females, if symptoms appears i just cull them right away.

Originally Posted by alex-g

I think your best bet right now is to inject terramycin LA, it is broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic and can pretty much stop the proliferation of the bacterial infection whatever it is while you are waiting for the lab test. If you have your means, move your breeding stocks to a different place after injecting to at least save them . Just inject them even if they don;t have a symptom yet and if possible inject again after three days.

If it is viral of origin, ther is nothing you can do but to let the epidemic run its course.

[alex-g]

that age are more susceptible. Older birds most of the time have already developed resistance due to mild exposure and they are chorded apart. Younger ones are more easy to get infected because they share feeding and drinking facilities and tend to huddle during nightime.

[ulokandiaMaster]

how does this disease been transmitted? airborne/wind or through contact with birds , i know that sanitation would be a major part of these, is there a possiblity that the feeds that we bought is also contaminated?

Originally Posted by alex-g

that age are more susceptible. Older birds most of the time have already developed resistance due to mild exposure and they are chorded apart. Younger ones are more easy to get infected because they share feeding and drinking facilities and tend to huddle during nightime.

[alex-g]

there are lot of ways they can be transmitted. Introduction of carrier birds in your farm, people thru shoes and clothing, flies, rats and many more. Sick birds shed them in their droppings, and they are picked up and carried by these carriers.

Be careful with rats in your feed warehose. Pasteurella M. bacteria are naturally present in the nasal cavities of rats. Rats drinking on water bowls and scavenging on unfinished feeds during nightime is a sure recipe for disaster.

[njyomo]

birds with fowl cholera will usually drink more and eat less. they tend to keep on drinking. If all else fails, go for the Gentamycin injectable. 1/2 cc in the morning and evening then tetracycline in the water for 7 days. Good luck sir.

[alex-g]

bacterial pathogens develops resistance to certain class of antibiotics. That is the reason why it important to know which group they belong to and rotate them when using. They are all effective if there is no resistance yet, but useless when resistance developed already.

Gentamicin belongs to aminoglycosides group which include spectinomycin, neomycin, and streptomycin and is also effective.

[ulokandiaMaster]

sir alex-g , highlighted below is very interesting and good point to ponder...


njyomo, thanks for the info

Originally Posted by alex-g

there are lot of ways they can be transmitted. Introduction of carrier birds in your farm, people thru shoes and clothing, flies, rats and many more. Sick birds shed them in their droppings, and they are picked up and carried by these carriers.

Be careful with rats in your feed warehose. Pasteurella M. bacteria are naturally present in the nasal cavities of rats. Rats drinking on water bowls and scavenging on unfinished feeds during nightime is a sure recipe for disaster.

[kogmohon]

don't forget to rule out bronchitis also because they are showing the same symptoms...

[ulokandiaMaster]

Sir Kogs, they have been immunize with B1 lasota with Bronchitis on the earlier months.
have read on one of the threads here in the site that you have been also hit with this disease lately, may i know if the symptons is similar from mine and how did you contain it and what medications did you give? thanks

Originally Posted by kogmohon

don't forget to rule out bronchitis also because they are showing the same symptoms...

[nicogamefarm]

Fowl Cholera Agency:
Diagnosis

Presumptive diagnosis can be made based on the necropsy findings of petechial hemorrhages in the epicardial adipose tissue and myocardium with focal necrosis in the liver. Sudden death of large numbers of waterfowl during the winter months is further support for a diagnosis of fowl cholera. Definitive diagnosis is based on the isolation and identification of P. multocida from the heart blood of a fresh specimen.

Treatment and Control

Treatment of fowl cholera outbreaks in waterfowl is not practical, but when individual treatment is applicable, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and sulfaquinoxaline in the feed or water have been shown to be effective.

In the face of an outbreak, control is directed at attempts to limit transmission of the disease. All carcasses should be collected and burned. Dead birds floating on the water not only serve as a source of contamination but also act as decoys and lure more waterfowl into infectious water. Contaminated pools can be drained and cultivated or flushed by flooding with pumped or flood waters.

Artificial maintenance of open water after the end of hunting season by pumping operations should be discouraged as this acts to concentrate and hold birds north of their normal wintering areas. In severe outbreaks, it is occasionally recommended that attempts be made to limit the scavenging activities of gulls, as they can act as transmitters of fowl cholera, due to their resistance to the disease.

[nicogamefarm]

Fowl Cholera is a serious, highly contagious disease caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida in a range of avian species including chickens, turkeys, and water fowl, (increasing order of susceptibility). It is seen worldwide and was one of the first infectious diseases to be recognised, by Louis Pasteur in 1880.

The disease can range from acute septicaemia to chronic and localised infections and the morbidity and mortality may be up to 100%. The route of infection is oral or nasal with transmission via nasal exudate, faeces, contaminated soil, equipment, and people. The incubation period is usually 5-8 days.

The bacterium is easily destroyed by environmental factors and disinfectants, but may persist for prolonged periods in soil. Reservoirs of infection may be present in other species such as rodents, cats, and possibly pigs.

Predisposing factors include high density and concurrent infections such as respiratory viruses. Signs

• Dejection.
• Ruffled feathers.
• Loss of appetite.
• Diarrhoea.
• Coughing.
• Nasal, ocular and oral discharge.
• Swollen and cyanotic wattles and face.
• Sudden death.
• Swollen joints.
• Lameness.

Post-mortem lesions

• Sometimes none, or limited to haemorrhages at few sites.
• Enteritis.
• Yolk peritonitis.
• Focal hepatitis.
• Purulent pneumonia (especially turkeys).
• Cellulitis of face and wattles.
• Purulent arthritis.
• Lungs with a consolidated pink 'cooked' appearance in turkeys.

Diagnosis


Impression smears, isolation (aerobic culture on trypticase soy or blood agar yields colonies up to 3mm in 24 hours - no growth on McConkey), confirmed with biochemical tests.

Differentiate from Erysipelas, septicaemic viral and other bacterial diseases.

[nicogamefarm]

Treatment


Sulphonamides, tetracyclines, erythromycin, streptomycin, penicillin. The disease often recurs after medication is stopped, necessitating long-term or periodic medication. Prevention

Biosecurity, good rodent control, hygiene, bacterins at 8 and 12 weeks, live oral vaccine at 6 weeks.

Figure 19. Severe localised Pasteurella infection in the swollen wattle of a 30-week-old male broiler parent chicken. The swelling is made up of oedema and purulent exudates (pus).

[ulokandiaMaster]

nicogamefarm, thanks for sharing these info's

[kogmohon]

Originally Posted by ulokandiaMaster

Sir Kogs, they have been immunize with B1 lasota with Bronchitis on the earlier months.
have read on one of the threads here in the site that you have been also hit with this disease lately, may i know if the symptons is similar from mine and how did you contain it and what medications did you give? thanks

we immunized for bronchitis also but that is not a guarantee that they will not catch the desease because there are some that are not affected by the immunization that's why you need a booster or follow up....the other time we were hit was oviously cholera because of the presence of blood in their droppings....mareks can be a possible suspect because of the symptoms you describe plus your fowls are imported...

[ulokandiaMaster]

Sir Kogs, yes, thats true we need to follow up with a booster shot, it was already in our planned schedule this week to give this bronchi booster drop but the problem surface so now we cant for obvious reasons.

Is'nt the ones that have blood in their droppings coccidiosis?

[nicogamefarm]

Coccidiosis Treatment
There are many forms of Coccidiosis, but two main ones are treated, these are Cecal and Intestinal
Coccidiosis in chickens is caused by seven different species of coccidia (genus Eimeria), which are single celled parasites that live in the gut wall of their host. These coccidia are host specific: turkeys and other species are not infected by fowl coccidia and vice-versa. The different species of coccidia live in different parts of the gut and can be divided into those causing intestinal coccidiosis (the majority) or caecal coccidiosis (one species).

Coccidiosis Cecal Symptoms

In chicks or young birds, droopiness, huddling with ruffled feathers, loss of appetite, retarded growth, and bloody diarrhoea in early stages
It affects their ce***
Mortality is high
Spread from contact with droppings of infected birds. Spread on used equipment, feed sacks, feet o humans and wild birds
An important symptom is blood around the vent or bloody diarrhea
Unfortunately, many different diseases of chickens show identical symptoms which makes accurate diagnosis very difficult

Coccidiosis Intestinal Symptoms

Affects growing or semi mature birds, droopiness, huddling with ruffled feathers, loss in interest in water and feed, retarded growth or weight loss, watery, moucousy, or pasty, tan or blood tinged diarrrhea, sometimes emaciation and dehydration
In mature birds; thin breast, weak legs, drop in laying, sometimes diarrrhea
If affects their intestinal tract
Mortality is limited to high
Spread from droppings of infected birds; spread on used equipment, feed sacks feet of humans and wild birds
An important symptom is blood around the vent or bloody diarrhea
Unfortunately, many different diseases of chickens show identical symptoms which makes accurate diagnosis very difficult

[ulokandiaMaster]

Sir Kogs, check the highlighted below as provided by nicogamefarm, so confusing about these diseases cause they resemble similar symptoms, i think the best way is to have the blood be lab tested, parang maka siguro tayo...

Originally Posted by nicogamefarm

Coccidiosis Treatment

There are many forms of Coccidiosis, but two main ones are treated, these are Cecal and Intestinal
Coccidiosis in chickens is caused by seven different species of coccidia (genus Eimeria), which are single celled parasites that live in the gut wall of their host. These coccidia are host specific: turkeys and other species are not infected by fowl coccidia and vice-versa. The different species of coccidia live in different parts of the gut and can be divided into those causing intestinal coccidiosis (the majority) or caecal coccidiosis (one species).

Coccidiosis Cecal Symptoms

In chicks or young birds, droopiness, huddling with ruffled feathers, loss of appetite, retarded growth, and bloody diarrhoea in early stages
It affects their ce***
Mortality is high
Spread from contact with droppings of infected birds. Spread on used equipment, feed sacks, feet o humans and wild birds
An important symptom is blood around the vent or bloody diarrhea
Unfortunately, many different diseases of chickens show identical symptoms which makes accurate diagnosis very difficult

Coccidiosis Intestinal Symptoms

Affects growing or semi mature birds, droopiness, huddling with ruffled feathers, loss in interest in water and feed, retarded growth or weight loss, watery, moucousy, or pasty, tan or blood tinged diarrrhea, sometimes emaciation and dehydration
In mature birds; thin breast, weak legs, drop in laying, sometimes diarrrhea
If affects their intestinal tract
Mortality is limited to high
Spread from droppings of infected birds; spread on used equipment, feed sacks feet of humans and wild birds
An important symptom is blood around the vent or bloody diarrhea

Unfortunately, many different diseases of chickens show identical symptoms which makes accurate diagnosis very difficult

[nicogamefarm]

Originally Posted by ulokandiaMaster

Sir Kogs, check the highlighted below as provided by nicogamefarm, so confusing about these diseases cause they resemble similar symptoms, i think the best way is to have the blood be lab tested, parang maka siguro tayo...

dont be confuse most of the time all desses they have desame semtomes but also take note ....

they have also desame medecine that requires your bird to be treated.

muuch better if you always used antibiotic with sulfa . so what ever the deases eithere sulfa or the antibiotec will treated the sickness of your fowl.

[ulokandiaMaster]

nicogamefarm, ok thanks..........

[gamecock96]

Blood in the feces is almost 100% cocci specially if the blood is fresh.

Al

[suferds]

Originally Posted by ulokandiaMaster

what is the best prevention medications to give on this kind of disease? and if it has already attacked your flock how can we contain this problem...any info is greatly appreciated cause this is my dilema right now this disease is fastly killing my flock...

if you catch them early enough, you could probably use T2S 500 by Sagupaan, the one in the blue sachet, although i guess they also have it in tablet form. this is what we used, doubled the dosage, and it did the job. we noticed the symptoms early and treated it right away. i just don't know how it would be if the disease is in an advanced stage already. but the stuff worked for us. hope this helps.

[nicogamefarm]

no matter what wi we will do deases and parasite in flocks or livestock including gamefowl is inevitable.

first of all to make the medication more accurate you need to isolate the one who got inffected so for me what i do before is i make tangkalan around 100 holes so or more so i can easely see there dropings and less stress for them and have easy access for them if i need to give medicine.

spray zonrox or hot water in the soil to kill the deases which ever it is.

avoid using injectable for deferent bird 1 is to 1 to to avoid spread of the deases

if your giving the right medecine in 1 to 3 days you will see googd result of course if the medecine is not right maybe it will get more worse or sadlyyour cock will die.

so for that you need to change or try new medecine .

THE PROBLEM FOR BIRD in general practice only culling is the most solotion that they will recoment and prevention. but curing is not always the option . specially in flocks of broiler , turkey and ducks.